Human placental-derived mesenchymal-like stromal cells are a novel, culture-expanded mesenchymal-like cell population derived from healthy, full-term human placental tissue. These cells are plastic-adherent and undifferentiated in vitro and express pluripotency related genes. Mesenchymal-like stromal cells are genetically stable, displaying a normal diploid chromosome count, and a normal karyotype and exhibit normal senescence after prolonged culture periods. In vitro studies showed that these cells exhibit immune-modulatory properties – they suppress effector cell function, promote tolerogenic immune phenotype, and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Mesenchymal-like stromal cells also possess regenerative and pro-angiogenic properties demonstrated through the secretion of several mitogenic and angiogenic factors. In vivo, we have demonstrated immune-modulatory properties of mesenchymal-like stromal cells alleviate autoimmunity in encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, and possess anti-inflammatory activity in rat perineural inflammation neuritis model, anti-fibrotic effect in mice lung fibrosis model and neuroprotection and pro-neurogenesis functions in rodent stroke models.